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Ask

Trivialnavn: Ask

Systematisk- / videnskabeligt navn: Fraxinus excelsior L.

Ask er ikke en plante, men et træ og har derfor ikke en vækstsæson på samme måde som planter har det. Ask vokser i tempererede klimaer, og er kendt for at være hurtigt voksende og håndført. Træet vil typisk vokse i løbet af foråret og hen over sommeren, da temperaturen her er højere og mængden af sollyse stiger. Her vil i denne periode også være mere nedbør, som hjælper til træets vækst. Her vil træets primære produktion af blade og grene forekomme.  Hovedsageligt vil træet gå i dvale hen over vinteren, hvor temperaturen falder, men dette afhænger af klimaet og vækstbetingelserne der gør sig gældende i netop det område asken befinder sig i.

Biologi, formering og bestøvning, frø- og frugtspredning

Ask producerer 7 m3 træ/hektar om året. Før træets blade springer ud, sætter asken blomster. Et askeblad er sammensat af 9-13 småblade, som er lancetformede og savtakkede. Bladene springer dog ret sent ud først omkring d. 1. juni, hvor fleste andre træer og buske er sprunget ud. Ask er et løvtræ, som kan blive mellem 2-300 år gammel, men bliver normalt fældet, når det er mellem 50-80 år. Ask kan blive op til 40 meter høj i Danmark, men bliver normalt omkring 25 meter. Træet har en rank, lysegrå stamme, som på unge træer har en glat bark, mens ældre træer får skorpebark med tætte dybe revner. Træets grene danner tilsammen en hvælvet krone.

Askens frugter er små, aflange nødder med en vinge på, som sidder i klaser på træet til langt ud på vinteren. Her bliver de spredt med vinden og spirer først 2-3 år efter.

Ask formeres let ved frø, hvor særlige typer formeres på frøplanter ved podning eller okulation. Her spirer frøene på en fugtig og næringsrig muldbund, med rigelige mængder af kvælstof i jorden og med god vandbevægelse.

Økologi

Asketræer vokser ofte i skove hvortil de er en vigtig del af skovens biodiversitet. Asketræet giver føde og ly for en lang række af dyrearter, heriblandt fugle, pattedyr, og insekter. Derudover er asketræet vigtig for specielle arter af sommerfugle, som lægger deres æg på asketræets blade.

Bonusinfo

Man har brugt asketræet i nyere tid til sportsredskaber, ski- og golfkøller. De første flyvemaskiner blev bygget af asketræ, fordi træet var sejt og stærkt. Nu til dags bruges træet dog mest til lyse møbler, gulve og redskaber.

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